The zebrafish has become one of the most important model organisms to study biological processes within a living body. Because it has a genetic structure similar to ours they share 70 per cent of genes with us, it is a useful organism to work with in genetics research. Zebrafish as a developmental model organism for pediatric. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio. First used in the 1960s in biological research, zebrafish have proven to be excellent model organisms for developmental and disease studies. In the last 30 years, the zebrafish has become a widely used model organism for research on vertebrate development and disease. As a vertebrate that has many of the strengths of invertebrate model systems, it offers numerous advantages to researchers interested in many aspects of embryonic development, physiology and disease.
One of the most popular animal models in research is the zebrafish, a tropical. Animal models are crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of human disease and provide a system in which to develop and test new therapies. Zebrafish is an important model organism in areas of embryogenesis, genetics and regeneration. Pdf zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism researchgate. Model organisms are widely used to research human disease when human experimentation would be unfeasible or unethical. Transparent embryo makes it easy to monitor development. Vertebrate animal models are used because of the conservation that exists between humans and other vertebrates in the genetics, development, and metabolic. Model organisms are not organisms that get dressed up and pose for pictures although that would be cool. Today, well highlight another model organism, danio rerio the zebrafish. Danio rerio zebrafish is an excellent model organism for cnv studies. A model organism is an indispensable tool used for medical research. This book brings together extensive knowledge of the structure and cell physiology of the enteric. Lemna growth assays are used to evaluate the toxicity of chemicals to plants in ecotoxicology.
The laboratory zebrafish laboratory animal pocket reference kindle edition by harper, claudia, lawrence, christian. Adult zebrafish as a model organism for behavioural genetics. With zebrafish becoming increasingly important models for research studies, breeding of these organisms has also become vital in order to study the various characteristics of the organism as it develops to adulthood. Although to date there have been relatively few studies of adult zebrafish behaviour, the ease of carrying out pharmacological studies coupled to the ever increasing number of available genetic tools suggest that zebrafish. Fast external development and transparency during embryogenesis allow for visual screening at the macroscopical and microscopical level, including visualization of organogenesis. Zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism intechopen. The zebrafish models section of the disease page contains details of the genetic background of the fish, experimental conditions and the citation referring to the use of this model. Learn zebra biology with free interactive flashcards. The zebrafish book a guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio brachydanio rerio by monte westerfield, institute of neuroscience, university of oregon older literature referred to zebrafish as brachydanio rerio. While mice and rats have been common choices for modeling human diseases in the past, the use of zebrafish. Introduction danio rerio, commomly known as zebrafish is a tropical fresh water fish belonging to the minnow family.
Following either the fish or citations link in the models section provides access to phenotype information for each individual model. Pros small and cheap genetically tractable embryos transparent rapid development regenerative close homology to humans organs systems similar to other vertebrates cons not mammals not related to humans as close as mouse reverse genetics does not. Zebrafish has been used for many years as a model to study development and disease. Research with this model has also expanded into other. Particularly, in the past decade, zebrafish has emerged as a novel and promising model in the field of epilepsy and drug discovery. This chapter focuses on the atlas of zebrafish development that has been used as a model to investigate different aspects of vertebrate development and to study numerous human disease conditions, from addiction syndromes to carcinoma. Zebrafish danio rerio are small freshwater fish that are used as model organisms for biomedical research. This is a list of model organisms used in scientific research. Apr 23, 2014 transgenic zebrafish model for blood brain barrier development the bbb, initially regarded as static and rigid, have now been proven to be dynamic structures with both paracellular and transcellular pathways capable of rapid modulation in response to physiological or pathological signals. The most common model organisms are small mammals, usually rats and mice. Lemna gibba is a rapidly growing aquatic monocot, one of the smallest flowering plants.
Scientists use organisms to investigate questions about living systems that cannot be studied in any other way. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Jul 01, 2016 in the last 30 years, the zebrafish has become a widely used model organism for research on vertebrate development and disease. As every animal model used for research in developmental biology, zebrafish has its pros and cos. Through a powerful combination of genetics and experimental embryology, significant inroads have been made into the regulation of embryonic axis formation, organogenesis, and the development of neural networks. Powerful techniques allow efficient generation and recovery of zebrafish mutations. Model organisms are a tool for scientists to better understand biology.
The zebrafish genome has been fully sequenced, which is a musthave for model organisms nowadays. A guide for the laboratory use of zebrafish danio rerio, eugene, university of oregon press. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family cyprinidae of the order cypriniformes. Zebrafish, a small vertebrate model wellknown in developmental biology, is now widely recognized as an important organism for modeling human diseases. Transgenic zebrafish model for blood brain barrier development the bbb, initially regarded as static and rigid, have now been proven to be dynamic structures with both paracellular and transcellular pathways capable of rapid modulation in response to physiological or pathological signals. Search for zebrafish research publications and scientific literature. Among the model organisms, the zebrafish danio rerio is one of the best. The zebrafish danio rerio is a powerful vertebrate model organism that has been extensively used to study apoptotic cell death during normal development and under conditions of cellular stress. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and toxicity. Zebrafish, a freshwater tropical fish, is a premiere model organism to study vertebrate development. The laboratory zebrafish laboratory animal pocket reference. Zebrafish represent a vital tool in the investigation into novel. The use of zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism. Structural biochemistrymodel organisms wikibooks, open.
It is a popular aquarium fish which is frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio. The zebrafish information network zfin is the database of genetic and genomic data for the zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism. Kily lj, cowe yc, hussain o, patel s, mcelwaine s, cotter fe, brennan ch. For decades, toxicology testing with animal models has been a crucial tool for studying the adverse health effects of chemicals and human disease. The text provides significant updates for working vivarium professionals maintaining zebrafish colonies, veterinarians responsible for their care and wellbeing, zoologists and ethologists. Classically, the zebrafish model organism has been used to elucidate the genetic and cellular mechanisms related to development since the. Research often utilizes patients cells or tissue samples, but to determine if a mutation in a specific gene can cause a patients symptoms, we often need experimental animal models. Biology, husbandry, diseases, and research applications is a comprehensive work that fulfills a critical need for a thorough compilation of information on this species. Consolidating key protocols and approaches to help researchers navigate the important and evolving field of zebrafish models for toxicity screening, this new title describes the methods for using the zebrafish as a model organism to assess compoundinduced. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, arabidopsis thaliana mouse ear cress, a weed, caenorhabditis elegans a nematode worm, drosophila melanogaster fruit fly, and mus musculus the house mouse.
May 11, 2015 the zebrafish genome has been fully sequenced, which is a musthave for model organisms nowadays. Have you ever heard someone say that to truly understand how something works, you have to. With novel technologies being regularly developed, the zebrafish is poised to. Scientists use a variety of laboratory techniques to investigate the genetic cause of human diseases. The ability of zebrafish to produce thousand of embryos in a synchronous manner has made zebrafish an invaluable tool for genetic and chemical screens. It is a robust animal which can survive in a variety of conditions.
Pros and cos of zebrafish zebrafish as a model organism in. In its larval stages it is transparent and as it matures to an adult it develops stripes. The zebrafish, danio rerio, is a fast expanding and extremely valuable model system for studying vertebrate developmental biology. This effort showed that their genome is remarkably similar to the human one, with at least 70% of human genes having a zebrafish equivalent a figure that is even higher when only diseasecausing genes are considered. Studies involving zebrafish have been important in many fields of research including oncology, regeneration and particularly embryonic development. Nov 01, 20 as every animal model used for research in developmental biology, zebrafish has its pros and cos.
Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Methods for assessing drug safety and toxicity wiley. Danio rerio zebrafish the zebrafish is a widely used vertebrate model for development, it was first established as a useful model organism by george streisinger, zebrafish are as commonly used as rats and mice. A model organism is a nonhuman species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. The use of zebrafish as a model organism for studying human disease is a relatively new and emerging field of research. The book presents a good and detailed explanation of the model organism zebra fish. These are nonhuman animal species which can be used to understand specific biological processes and to obtain informations which can provide an insight into working of other organisms. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and toxicity testing. The zebrafish danio rerio has achieved high popularity as a model organism of favorable characteristics founded on a unique set of properties as high fecundity, small size, rapid development, and rapid generation time. Zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism for dementia. Analysis of nup3 expression in zebrafish embryos by in situ mrna hybridization ish and.
Hardcopies of the 4th edition of the zebrafish book can be obtained for a nominal fee from the zebrafish international resource center, 5274 university of oregon, eugene, or 97403 usa. Zebrafish danio rerio is a prominent model organism in biological researches. Jan 04, 2017 the zebrafish models section of the disease page contains details of the genetic background of the fish, experimental conditions and the citation referring to the use of this model. Animals as model organisms, the silent sentinels, stand watch over the environmental health of the world. Ongoing genetic screens have identified over 7,000 mutations in zebrafish affecting genes that regulate developmental patterning, organogenesis, physiology and behavior. In its larval stages it is transparent and as it matures to an adult it develops stripes that run along the length of the body and look blue in colour. Very quick rate of development, with a lot happening in the first 24 hours.
Anatomy, lifecycle, development, research and breeding. In the past 5 years, a detailed picture has begun to emerge of the molecular. Overview zebrafish danio rerio has emerged recently as a premiere organism to study vertebrate development and genetics. No other vertebrate model organisms popularity has grown as quickly as that of the zebrafish. Advantages of using zebrafish as a model organism andor. Because it can be grown in pure culture, microbial action can be excluded. As the zebrafish has become an important model organism for the. Since its emergence as an important model organism the molecular tools for studying zebrafish have been limited. Apoptosis plays important roles in embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and immune system regulation. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the laboratory zebrafish laboratory animal pocket reference.
Although the husbandry of this species is poorly developed in contrast to the scientific rigor that is required, this species has great potential as an experimental model. The zebrafish in biomedical research sciencedirect. Essentially, breeding refers to the mating and consequently the production of offspring by given organisms. Zebrafish genomes contain a large amount of variation with 14. The many strengths of these fish include their high degree of genetic conservation with humans and their simple, inexpensive maintenance.
Model organisms are widely used to research human disease when human. These models allow scientists to compare creatures that are different in structures, but share similarities in body chemistry. Native to south asia, it is a popular aquarium fish, frequently sold under the trade name zebra danio and thus often called a tropical fish although both tropical and subtropical. In this framework, the zebrafish is a versatile animal model organism for many research fields because of its many advantages, including rapid embriyonic development, easy maintenance and transparency of its embryos. Feb 26, 2019 please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. The zebrafish danio rerio is a freshwater fish belonging to the minnow family of the order cypriniformes. The reputation of this small tropical fish was firmly established during the nineties of the previous century when big genetic screening projects in the us and europe led to the discovery of hundreds of mutants that gave novel insights into the. It has become another popular model organism to study fundamental biological questions. It provides explanation among others of the biology husbandry etc of the fish. Explore geneticgenomic data from multiple model organisms. Danio rerio is a tropical fish native to india, bangladesh, nepal, and myanmar.
The zebrafish danio rerio is perhaps the model organism with the fastest rising popularity in science right now. Consequently, the number of available zebrafish strains and facilities that house zebrafish is much smaller than for welldeveloped model higher vertebrate organisms such as the mouse. The zebrafish is a tropical fish native to southeast asia. Fully sequenced genome, and there is a wide variety of known mutants. The zebrafish danio rerio is one of the best animal models to understand biological mechanisms and develop new methods for treating some human diseases. The use of zebrafish danio rerio as a model organism began in the 1960s. In addition to serving as a genetic model for many developmental disorders, zebrafish have also become a popular model for a variety of diseases.
Methods for assessing drug safety and toxicity offers a practical guide for using zebrafish as a tool for toxicology studies. Jun 15, 2012 the zebrafish danio rerio is perhaps the model organism with the fastest rising popularity in science right now. Zebrafish as model organism for drug discovery and. The zebrafish as a model organism for the study of. Choose from 17 different sets of zebra biology flashcards on quizlet. Zfin provides a wide array of expertly curated, organized and crossreferenced zebrafish research data. These transposons have also been used to conduct enhancer trap screens in zebrafish to uncover novel and useful regulatory elements. In summary, zebrafish have many attributes that make them an ideal model organism for the study of behavioural genetics. Among the model organisms, the zebrafish danio rerio is one of the best leading models to study. Pros and cos of zebrafish zebrafish as a model organism.